What are the ethical requirements for conducting research involving human subjects in nursing?

• A. Researchers may enroll participants without consent in minimal-risk studies when data is de-identified.
• B. Informed consent, minimization of risk, equitable subject selection, IRB/ethics board review, privacy protections, right to withdraw, and reporting of results.
• C. IRB approval is optional for nursing research.
• D. Only scientists can request access to participant data.

Answer: (B)